![]() Chromium availability in ultramafic soils from New Caledonia. Inc.īecquer, T., Quantin, C., Sicot, M., & Boudot, J. Nriagu and E Nieboer (Ed.), Chromium in the Natural and Human Environment (pp. Mobility and bioavailability of chromium in soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 5, 379–383.īartlett, R.J., & James, B.R. Bologna: Franco-Angeli Editore.īartlett, R. Sequi (Eds.), Chromium environmental issues (pp. Chromium redox mechanisms in soils: should we worry about Cr(VI)? In S. Environmental Health Perspectives, 92, 17–24.īartlett, R. Chromium cycling in soils and water: links, gaps and methods. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 26, 3–7.īartlett, R. Occurrences, uses, and properties of chromium. Applied Clay Science, 41, 73–84.īarnhart, J. Adsorption of chromate and molybdate by cetylpyridinium bentonite. Annuario dei dati ambientali 2005–2006, (pp. Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici. London: Blackie Academic & Professional.ĪPAT (2003). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53, 751–757.Īlloway, B. Chromium toxicity induced alterations in growth, photosynthesis, gas exchange attributes and yield formation in maize. In: Trace elements in the terrestrial environment (pp. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag Pub. This review provides an overview of the chemical characteristics of Cr, its behavior in the environment, the relationships with plants and aspects of the use of fertilizers.Īdriano, D. Symptoms of Cr toxicity in plants comprise decrease of germination, reduction of growth, inhibition of enzymatic activities, impairment of photosynthesis and oxidative imbalances. Chromium shortage can cause cardiac problems, metabolic dysfunctions, and diabetes. Chromium uptake, accumulation, and translocation, depend on its speciation. Chromium is absorbed by plants through carriers of essential ions such as sulfate. The Cr(III) compounds are sparingly soluble in water and may be found in water bodies as soluble Cr(III) complexes, while the Cr(VI) compounds are readily soluble in water. Thus, the approaches converting Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in soils and waters have received considerable attention. In addition, Cr(III) can be absorbed on the surface of clay minerals in precipitates or complexes. ![]() On the contrary, Cr(III) has relatively low toxicity and mobility and it is one of the micronutrients needed by humans. ![]() The last is highly soluble mobile and toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Chromium can have positive and negative effects on health, according to the dose, exposure time, and its oxidation state. Most chromium (Cr) exists in oxidation states ranging from 0 to VI in soils but the most stable and common forms are Cr(0), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) species. The mobility and distribution of metals in the environment is related not only to their concentration but also to their availability in the environment. ![]()
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